The part of the metal structure in which different parts are combined during the operation of welding is called a welding joint. Welds can be different in strength. The weld may include one weld. This is the place of thermal action at the junction of metals. As a result of such exposure, the metal melts, and crystallizes upon cooling. In many ways, the quality of the metal at the point of thermal influence affects the quality of the weld.

Variety of weld points by type of connection

Butt welds are used in butt joints. They are carried out inseparable. The difference is the preparation of the plane at the end of the section and the elements prepared for contact. Thanks to this, full access to the welding site is opened and the most efficient boiling of planes over the entire thickness is ensured.

Among the butt joints, different types can be distinguished:

1. Single-sided and double-sided without cutting edges.
2. With one-sided or two-sided sawing of one of the edges.
3. With one-sided cutting of both edges.
4. Saw V or X-type.
5. Double-sided sawing of both edges.

Corner joints are used when fillet welds are needed. In the manufacture of such joints, fillet welds are used. You can divide them by continuity and by clearance.

The above types can be supplemented with another variety that relates to butt and corner ones. These are cork and slotted varieties. The slotted type is used when you need the upper layer, and possibly the underlying ones, to melt to the main element. In the contact of thickened seams, slotted seams and joints are made on manufactured vents. In this form, they will be called “cork” or, in the case of arc welding, “electric riveting”.

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Different types of welds

Differences in welding and types of welds for stay in space:

• welding of horizontal joints;
• welding of ceiling joints;
• bottom seams.

It is used when welding, located below on a flat plane. They are technically the simplest to execute. The high strength of the joints is due to convenient conditions in which the melted metal rushes under its weight into a weld pool, which is located horizontally. This work is the easiest to execute and easy to keep track of. In lap structures, coal in the lower position is continuous, without producing transverse vibrations.

Horizontal welds. The process of welding horizontal points is associated with some difficulties. During welding with a transverse seam on a vertical surface, molten metal can flow to the lower edge. As a result, a cut may appear on the upper edge. The use of this method in the welding of coal points produced in a horizontal arrangement is quite simple and does not cause any difficulties. The work itself is similar to welding in the lower position and depends on the required seam.

Vertical welds. In the welding of vertically standing parts, the metal located below is designed to hold the melting metal from above, but at the same time it turns out to be rough and in the form of scales. It is much more difficult to get a high-quality connection when working downward. Welding of vertical seams in a standing plane is possible only in an orientation from bottom to top and vice versa.

Ceiling seams. The most difficult type of welding work. In the process, it is difficult to release gases and slag, and it is also difficult to keep the melt from draining and to achieve the strength of the point. But despite the observance of all ceiling welding techniques, the seams are still inferior in terms of reliability to the welds made in other positions.

Classification of features of welded joints according to the outline:

• welding of longitudinal seams;
• creation of annular seams.

To perform the longitudinal type of welding, thorough metal preparation is required at the point of the proposed welding. Part surfaces must be free of burrs, edges and bumps. In longitudinal welding, the seam is possible only with full cleaning and degreasing of the required surfaces.

Ring welds. Circumferential welding requires great accuracy and accuracy, and calibration of welding currents is necessary immediately, especially when working with small diameters.

Welding of circular seams varies in shape. They are:

• convex;
• concave;
• flat.

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Weld Geometry

The main geometric parameters are: width, curvature, convexity and the root of the joint.

Width is the gap between the visibly different faces of the fusion of metals. Curvature is the gap between the area flowing along the visible edges of the weld point and a specific metal at the point of limiting concavity.

To measure the convexity, a gap is determined relative to the levels that flows along the visible faces of the weld and base metal at the point of limiting convexity. The root is the edge that is extremely remote from the profile level, which is actually its reverse side.

You can divide such seams according to dimensional norms:

• cathetus;
• thickness;
• estimated height.

In a fillet weld for fillet welding, the length from the level of the first weldment to the edge of the weld on the next part is a coal weld leg. A leg is an important characteristic that must be observed during welding. With simple coal joints with a single size, the weld leg is defined by the size of its edges. In welding T-joints, the leg has a fixed value, and a single dimension of materials is used. And when T-structures of different dimensions are used in welding operations, it is equal to the thickness of a thinner metal. The leg must be of the correct size to achieve maximum joint strength, if too large leg is used, weld defects are possible.

Beginners can simplify work with parts by arranging them for welding “in a boat”. When welding in a boat, the likelihood of undercutting is reduced, and the lock will be stronger.

The thickness of the coal seam is the maximum distance from its level to the contact of the maximum penetration of the base metal.

What to remember when welding corner joints? For fillet welds, a concave level shape with a smooth transition to the base is considered favorable. This is due to the problematic penetration in the coal seams of the root over the entire thickness. In most cases, the leg and thickness are measured with specific patterns.

To get the most durable connection, you need to refer to many factors. They are taken into account when determining the type of connection, depending on the required characteristics of the welded products.

The main types of welded joints.A welded joint is an integral part made by welding. The following main types of welded joints are found in metal structures:

• butt;
• lap;
• tauri;
• angular;
• end-face.

A butt joint is a welded joint of two elements adjacent to each other by end surfaces.

Lap joint is a welded joint in which the welded elements are parallel and partially overlap each other.

T-joint is a welded joint in which the end face of one element adjoins at an angle and is welded to the side surface of another element.

Angular - a welded joint of two elements located at an angle and welded at the junction of their edges.

End - a welded joint in which the side surfaces of the welded elements are adjacent to each other.

Classification and designation of welds.A weld is a section of a welded joint formed as a result of crystallization of molten metal or as a result of plastic deformation during pressure welding or a combination of crystallization and deformation. Welds can be butt and corner.

A butt joint is a weld of a butt joint. Corner is a weld of angular, lap or T-joints (GOST 2601-84).

Welds are also divided by position in space (GOST 11969-79):

• lower - into the boat - L;
• semi-horizontal - PG;
• horizontal - G;
• semi-vertical - Pv;
• vertical - B;
• semi-ceiling - PP;
• ceiling - P.

The length of the seams are continuous and intermittent. Intermittent seams can be chain or staggered. In relation to the direction of the existing efforts, the seams are divided into:

• longitudinal;
• transverse;
• combined;
• oblique.

According to the shape of the outer surface, the butt welds can be made normal (flat), convex or concave. Connections formed by convex seams work better under static loads. However, excessive influx leads to excessive consumption of electrode metal and therefore convex seams are uneconomical. Flat and concave seams work better under dynamic and alternating loads, since there is no abrupt transition from the base metal to the weld. Otherwise, a stress concentration is created, from which the destruction of the welded joint can begin.

According to the operating conditions of the welded unit during the operation of the product, welds are divided into workers who directly perceive loads, and connecting (binding), intended only for fastening parts or parts of the product. Bonding seams are more often called non-working seams. In the manufacture of critical products, the bulge on the working seams is removed by electric grinders, special milling cutters or the flame of an argon-arc burner (smoothing).

The main types, structural elements, dimensions and designation of weld joints for manual electric arc welding of carbon and low alloy steels are regulated by GOST 5264-80.

Structural elements of welded joints.The form of cutting edges and their assembly for welding is characterized by three main structural elements: the gap, blunting of the edges, and the angle of the bevel of the edge.

The type and angle of cutting the edges determine the amount of electrode metal needed to fill the groove, and hence the welding productivity. X-shaped cutting of edges, in comparison with V-shaped, allows to reduce the volume of deposited metal in 1.6-1.7 times. In addition, this groove provides a lower strain after welding. When X-shaped and V-shaped, the edges are dulled to properly form a seam and prevent the formation of burns.

The gap during assembly for welding is determined by the thickness of the metals being welded, the grade of material, the welding method, the form of preparation of the edges, etc. For example, the minimum gap value is assigned when welding without filler metal of small thicknesses (up to 2 mm) or when welding with non-consumable electrode of aluminum alloys . When welding with a consumable electrode, the gap is usually 0-5 mm, an increase in the gap contributes to a deeper penetration of the metal.

The weld joint is characterized by the main structural elements in accordance with GOST 2601-84: width; bulge; penetration depth (for butt weld) and leg for fillet weld; thickness of the part.

The main elements of the weld are shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 1. : a - fillet seam; b - butt seam

Technological strength of the weld.The term "Technological strength" is used to characterize the strength of a structure during its manufacture. In welded structures, technological strength is mainly limited by the strength of welds. This is one of the important indicators of steel weldability.

Technological strength is evaluated by the formation of hot and cold cracks.

Hotcracks are brittle intercrystalline fractures of the weld metal and heat affected zones. They arise in a solid-liquid state at the final stage of primary crystallization, as well as in a solid state at high temperatures at the stage of predominant development of intergranular deformation.

The presence of a temperature-time interval of brittleness is the first cause of the formation of hot cracks. The temperature-time interval is determined by the formation of liquid and semi-liquid layers that violate the metal continuity of the weld. These interlayers are formed in the presence of fusible, sulfur compounds (sulfides) of FeS with a melting point of 1189 ° C and NiS with a melting point of 810 ° C. At the peak moment of the development of welding stresses along these liquid layers, a shift of the metal develops into brittle cracks.

The second reason for the formation of hot cracks is high temperature deformation. They develop due to the difficult shrinkage of the weld metal, the shape change of the welded workpieces, as well as during relaxation of welding stresses in non-equilibrium welding conditions and after-welding heat treatment, structural and mechanical concentration of deformation.

Cold crack. Cracks are considered cold that are formed during cooling after welding at a temperature of 150 ° C or for the next few days. They have a brilliant crystalline fracture without traces of high temperature oxidation.

The main factors causing the appearance of cold cracks:

• the formation of quenching structures (martensite and bainite) leads to the appearance of additional stresses due to the volumetric effect;
• impact of welding tensile stresses;
• concentration of diffusion hydrogen.

Hydrogen moves easily in non-hardened structures. In martensite, the diffusion capacity of hydrogen decreases, it accumulates in the micro-hollows of martensite, passes into a molecular form and gradually develops high pressure, which contributes to the formation of cold cracks. In addition, hydrogen adsorbed on the surface of the metal and in microvoids causes embrittlement of the metal.

Weldability- the property of metal and a combination of metals to form, with the established welding technology, a joint that meets the requirements stipulated by the design and operation of the product. The complexity of the concept of weldability of materials is explained by the fact that when evaluating weldability, the relationship of welding materials, metals and product design with welding technologies should be taken into account.

There are many indicators of weldability. An indicator of the weldability of alloy steels intended, for example, for the manufacture of chemical equipment, is the ability to obtain a welding joint that provides special properties - corrosion resistance, strength at high or low temperatures.

When welding dissimilar metals, an indicator of weldability is the possibility of the formation of interatomic bonds in the compound. Homogeneous metals are joined by welding without difficulty, while some pairs of dissimilar metals do not form interatomic bonds at all, for example, copper and lead are not welded, or titanium with carbon steel.

An important indicator of the weldability of metals is the absence in the welded joints of hardened sections, cracks and other defects that adversely affect the operation of the welded joint.

There is no single indicator of weldability of metals yet.

Welding seam is a line of molten metal at the edges of two mating structures that occurs as a result of exposure to steel electric arc. The type and configuration of the welds is selected individually for each case, its choice depends on such factors as the power of the equipment used, the thickness and chemical composition of the welded alloys. Such a seam also occurs when welding polypropylene pipes with a soldering iron.

This article discusses the types of welds and the technology for their implementation. We will study vertical, horizontal and ceiling seams, and also learn how to clean them and check for defects.

1 Weld classification

The classification of seams into varieties is carried out according to many factors, the main of which is the type of joint. According to this parameter, the seams are divided into:

• butt joint;
• lap seam;
• tee seam.

Consider each of the options presented in more detail.

1.1 Butt joint

This method of connection is used for welding end parts of pipes, square profiles and sheet metal. Connecting parts are placed so that between their edges there is a gap of 1.5-2 mm (fixation of parts with clamps is desirable). When working with sheet metal, the thickness of which does not exceed 4 mm, the seam is laid on only one side, in sheets of 4-12 mm it can be either double or single, with a thickness of 12 mm or more, only double.

If the wall thickness of the parts is 4-12 mm, a mechanical cleaning of the edges and sealing of the edges is necessary using one of the following methods. It is recommended that the connection of a particularly thick metal (from 12 mm) be performed using an X-shaped stripping, other options are disadvantageous due to the need for a large amount of metal to fill the weld, which increases the consumption of electrodes.

However, in some cases, the welder may decide to cook thick metal with one seam, which requires filling it in several passes. Seams of this configuration are called multilayer, welding technology of multilayer seams is shown in the image.

1.2

Lap joint is used exclusively for welding sheet metal with a thickness of 4-8 mm, while the plate is boiled on both sides, which eliminates the possibility of moisture between the sheets and their subsequent corrosion.

The technology of such a seam is extremely demanding to comply with the correct angle of the electrode, which should vary in the range of 15-40 degrees. In the event of a deviation from the norm, the metal filling the seam will be displaced from the joint line, which will significantly reduce the strength of the joint.

1.3 T-joint

T-joint is made in the form of the letter "T", it can be performed both from two, and from one side. The number of seams and the need for cutting the end of the part depends on its thickness:

• up to 4 mm - one-sided seam without cutting ends;
• 4-8 mm - double, without cutting;
• 4-12 mm - single with one-sided cutting;
• more than 12 mm - double-sided, double cutting.

One of the varieties of T-joints is the fillet joint used to join two sheets of metal perpendicular or inclined to each other.

2 Types of seams in spatial position

In addition to classification by type of connection, the seams are divided into varieties depending on the position in space, according to which they are:

• vertical
• horizontal
• ceiling.

The problem with vertical joints is the sliding of molten metal down, which is due to gravity. Here it is necessary to apply a short arc - to keep the end of the electrode as close to the metal as possible. Welding vertical joints requires the implementation of preliminary work - stripping and cutting, which are selected based on the type of connection and the thickness of the metal. After preparation, the parts are fixed in the required position and a rough connection is made with transverse “grips” that prevent the workpieces from moving.

Welding a vertical seam can be performed both top-down and bottom-up; in terms of ease of use, the latter option is preferable. The electrode must be held perpendicular to the parts to be joined, it is permissible to rest it on the edges of the welded crater. The movement of the electrode is selected based on the required thickness of the seam, the most durable joint is achieved with a lateral displacement of the electrode from side to side and with a loop-like oscillation.

On vertical planes, the seams of the horizontal type are displayed from left to right or from right to left. The welding of horizontal seams is complicated by draining the bath down, which requires maintaining a significant angle of inclination of the electrode - from 80 to 90 0. In order to prevent the influx of metal in such positions, it is necessary to move the electrode without transverse vibrations, using narrow rollers.

The speed of the electrode is selected so that the center of the arc passes along the upper boundary of the seam, and the lower contour of the molten bath does not reach the upper end of the previous roller. Particular attention should be paid to the upper edge, the most prone to the formation of various defects. Before welding the last roller, it is necessary to clean the formed seam from slag and carbon deposits.

The most difficult to perform are ceiling seams. Since in this spatial position the molten bath is held exclusively by the surface tension of the metal, the seam itself must be made as narrow as possible. The standard width of the roller is no more than twice the width of the electrodes used, while electrodes with a diameter of up to 4 mm must be used in the work.

When laying the seam, the electrode must be held at an angle from 90 to 130 0 to the planes to be joined. The roller is formed by oscillatory movements of the electrode from edge to edge, while in the extreme lateral position, the electrode is delayed, which helps to avoid undercuts. Note that welders with no experience in ceiling seams are not recommended.

2.1 Technology for welding ceiling joints (video)

2.2 Cleaning and inspection of defects

After the seam is formed, slag remains on the surface of the connected parts, drops of molten steel and scale, while the seam itself can have a convex shape and protrude above the metal plane. To eliminate these shortcomings allows stripping, which is carried out in stages.

Initially, with the help of a hammer and a chisel, it is necessary to remove scale and slag, then with the help of a grinder equipped with an abrasive disk, or a grinding machine, the connected planes are aligned. The grit of the abrasive wheel is selected based on the required smoothness of the surface.

Weld defects, which are often encountered by inexperienced specialists, are usually the result of uneven movement of the electrode or incorrectly selected current strength and magnitude. Some defects are critical, some can be corrected - in any case, monitoring the seam for their presence is mandatory.

Consider what defects are and how they are checked:

Defects can also form in the form of cracks that appear at the stage of metal cooling. Cracks come in two configurations - directed across or along the seam. Depending on the time of formation, cracks are classified as hot and cold, the latter appear after hardening of the joint due to excessive loads that a particular type of weld cannot withstand.

Cold cracks are a critical defect that can lead to complete destruction of the joint. In the case of their formation, it is necessary to re-weld the damaged areas, if there are too many of them, the seam must be cut off and re-made.

The basis of the welding process is the connection of metal elements and parts from other materials by melting their edges. The junction of the elements is a seam, the art of which is the main thing for any welder. In the welding process, various types of joints of elements and welds are used, the choice of which is regulated by the conditions and requirements for welding.

If you intend to master welding, then first of all, you need to understand what seams and joints are.

By welding joints is meant the way in which the parts for welding are connected. There are several basic types, the use of which allows you to dock any elements:

• Butt;
• Corner
• T-shaped;
• End face;
• With rivets.

Welds are methods of welding metal elements that represent how the parts will be joined together. Types of welds are distinguished by various characteristics, an exciting way of connecting parts, requirements for the created element, the thickness of the source metal, etc.

Weld classification

Welding involves a wide variety of welds and joints. Types of welds can be distinguished by various signs. Imagine some of them:

• By external signs: concave, convex, flat. Concave ones give the joint made some weakness, convex, on the contrary, are considered reinforced and are used if necessary to create a durable weld that is resistant to heavy loads;
• According to the method of execution: single or double sided. Welding can be carried out both on two sides (which is much more common, as it gives the part greater strength), and on the one hand;
• By the number of passes: single pass and multi pass. The second are large in size and durable;
• By the number of welded layers: single and multi-layered. The second are used for welding with thick metals;
• In length: point, chain, chess, intermittent, solid. This characteristic reflects how the welded joint was made along the entire seam. Spot are characteristic for contact welding. The remaining names speak of the length of smaller seams that form a longer main;
• In the direction of exposure: transverse (the effect is perpendicular), longitudinal (the effect runs parallel to the seam), combined (combines the transverse and longitudinal), angular (the force is applied at an angle);
• By functionality: strong, dense, tight. This characteristic is associated with the further operation of the part, which dictates the need to follow special requirements;
• In width: thread (the seam is equal to the diameter of the electrode) and extended (created by vibrational movements).

This classification represents an almost complete encyclopedia of types of welding methods.

It is necessary for a professional to know and be able to apply them, for an amateur it is quite enough to master the main types of welding seams, which are quite enough for welding almost all types of joints.

Varieties of welded joints

Let's move on to the types of welded joints, that is, to how the welded parts are connected. There are several main varieties:

1. Butt method is the most popular and frequently used type. It is characterized by minimal internal stress and has the least likelihood of deformation during welding. It is characterized by high strength, sufficient to operate the product under dynamic and static loads.
   The butt method is the pairing of the ends of two elements. If the metal sheets are quite thin, then they do not require preliminary preparation before welding. Thicker metal must be prepared by mowing its edges for deeper cooking. This rule works with a workpiece thickness of more than 8 mm. If the metal is more than 12 mm in thickness, it is necessary to mow the edges on both sides and make a two-way connection. Welding is carried out in a horizontal plane.
2. Lap joint   The construction industry has a scope, where it is used in arc welding with a thickness of metal elements up to 12 mm. Metal does not require preliminary preparation, but it is important to ensure that water does not get between the elements. It is recommended to weld on both sides;
3. Corner connection   allows you to weld elements at any angle to each other. For greater reliability of the seam, the edges of the parts to be joined are usually beveled, which allows for deeper welding. Welding on both sides also gives strength to the product;
4. T-way it is used to create building elements (trusses, beams, etc.), representing the letter "T". Depending on which method was used, it can be one-sided or two-sided; elements of various thicknesses are often welded. Performing welding along the entire perimeter usually occurs in one step. The modern market offers devices for t-shaped mounting in automatic mode;
5. Rivet connection   involves obtaining a sufficiently strong composite element. Holes are made in the upper element by a drill or other method and through them the upper element is welded to the lower. There are various types of riveted seams, among which the most common options are rivets - special elements for fastening two parts;
6. End method   involves welding two elements that are combined with the ends. In this case, one element is at an angle to the other and is welded to one of its lateral planes.

The listed types of welded joints and seams have a detailed description and execution schemes, which are given in state standard specifications for welding.

To summarize

Knowledge of the types of joints and welds in welding is basic and provides the basis for applying welding skills in practice. This theoretical experience allows us to correctly select the necessary type of joining of the elements and the method of their welding, which will guarantee the resulting part the strength characteristics that are planned during its creation.

Greetings, dear readers. In today's article we will tell you about the main types welds and seams. Many welding specialists call these joints welded, some - welding, although the meaning does not change from this.

In this article, they will also be referred to in different ways, depending on the turn of speech, but remember: welded and welded in relation to joints and seams are one and the same.

Welds and seams are classified according to several criteria.

There are a number of types of welds, depending on kind of connections:

• - butt joint seam
• - T-joint seam
• - lap seam
• - seam corner connection

Butt joint

A butt joint is a joint of two sheets or pipes with their end surfaces. This connection is the most common, due to the lower consumption of metal and welding time.

A butt joint may be, depending on the location of the seam:

• - one-way
• - Bilateral

By preparing the connection for welding, depending on the thickness of the welded products:

•   - no bevel
• - With bevelled edges

One-sided joining without beveling involves welding sheets up to 4 mm thick (with the exception of the Laser Hybrid Weld process). Two-sided joining of bevelless edges is recommended when welding thicknesses up to 8 mm. In both cases, to ensure high-quality penetration, it is necessary to make a small gap when joining sheets for welding, about 1-2 mm.

It is recommended to make beveling of edges with a one-sided welded joint at thicknesses from 4 to 25 mm. The most popular is the connection with the bevel of the edges of the V-shaped type. Less popular, but also used are one-sided bevels and U-type bevels. To prevent the possibility of burns in all cases, a slight blunting of the edges is done.

For thicknesses of 12 mm or more, it is recommended to make an X-shaped cut, which has several advantages over a V-shaped cut, for double-sided welding. These advantages consist in reducing the volume of metal required to fill the groove (almost 2 times), and, accordingly, increasing the welding speed and saving welding materials.

  T-joint

A T-joint is two sheets when a connection in the form of the letter “T” is formed between them. As with butt joints, depending on the thickness of the metal, welding is performed on one or both sides, with or without cutting. The main types of tee welded joints are presented in the figure.

• 1. When welding T-joints of thin metal with thicker metal, it is necessary that the angle of inclination of the electrode or welding torch is about 60 ° to the thicker metal. As shown below:

• 2. Welding of T-joints (and angular to the same extent) can be greatly simplified by placing it for welding “in a boat”. This allows welding to be performed mainly in the lower position, increasing the welding speed and reducing the likelihood of undercuts, which are a very frequent defect of the T-joint, along with lack of fusion. In some cases, a single pass will not be enough, therefore, for filling joints, it is necessary to oscillate the burner.

  Welding in a boat is also used in automatic and robotic welding, where the product is turned over using a special tilter to the position necessary for welding.

• 3. Currently, there are special welding processes for increased penetration. Using them, it is possible to achieve one-sided welding of sufficiently thick metal with guaranteed penetration and the formation of a reverse roller on the other hand. More information on the welding process of Rapid Weld is available. For welding equipment for one-sided welding of a T-joint with reverse roller feeding, see section

Lap joint

This type of connection is recommended for welding sheets up to 10 mm thick, and it is required to weld sheets on both sides. This is done due to the fact that there was no possibility of moisture between them. Since there are two welds in this connection, the time for welding and consumable welding materials increases accordingly.

  Gusset

An angular welding connection is the type of connection of two metal sheets located to each other at a right or different angle. These connections can also be with or without bevelled edges, depending on the thickness. Sometimes the corner joint is boiled inside.

Other classification

Welded joints and seams are also classified according to other characteristics.

Types of compounds by degree of convexity:

• - normal
• - convex
• - concave

The bulge of the seam depends on both the welding materials used and the welding conditions. For example, with a long arc, the seam turns out to be flat and wide, and, conversely, when welding on a short arc, the seam turns out to be narrower and convex. The speed of welding and the width of the cutting edges also affect the degree of convexity.

Types of connections by position in space:

• - lower
• - horizontal
• - vertical
• - ceiling

The most optimal for welding is the lower seam position. Therefore, when designing the product and compiling the welding process technology, this should be taken into account. Welding in the lower position contributes to high productivity, is the easiest process to obtain a high-quality weld.

The horizontal and vertical position of the welded joint requires highly qualified welders, and the ceiling is the most time-consuming and not safe.

Types of welded joints by degree of extent:

• - continuous (continuous)
• - intermittent

Intermittent welds are used in joints where tightness is not required.

I hope this information on the types of welds and joints will be useful to you and will help to increase the quality and productivity of your welded structures during design. And it will also help to make the welding process itself safe and most optimal. Thank you for reading, also read other articles.

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